The Atlas of Irish Mathematics: Antrim before 1900 (Dec 2022)
Our 34th bi-monthly regional Irish focussed blog highlights mathematical people associated with Antrim before 1900. Specifically we focus on individuals whose careers started by 1899, usually measured by having completed initial university education (or equivalent) by then.
This follows on blogs for all other counties in Ireland, in this order: Donegal, Wexford, Armagh, Limerick, Westmeath, Mayo, Belfast, Wicklow, Kerry, Galway, Monaghan, Tipperary, Sligo, Carlow, Down, Cork, Cavan, Laois, Londonderry, Meath, Leitrim, Dublin, Clare, Offaly, Tyrone, Kilkenny, Belfast again, Kildare, Louth, Waterford, and Roscommon. Work remains, however: like this month's blog, most of those on counties which include universities will need additional installments to bring their stories into the 21st century.
The people designated as "Antrim before 1900" obviously overlap with those in our June 2018 blog on "Belfast before 1900". The current outing, by contrast, also celebrates those from rural Antrim--and in the 19th century that included Lisburn and other places which are now essentially city suburbs. The 2018 blog included other not repeated below, including city people from the Down side of the Lagan, and non-Antrim "visiting academics" from further afield, such as James Thomson, William Wilson,
As usual, there are probably maths (or theoretical physics) people missing from this blog because while we know about them we don't yet know they were from Antrim.
Comments, additions and corrections are, as always, welcome. As are more photographs.
Thanks to Olivia Bree (SPD) and David Malone (Maynooth) for valuable input. Last updated 20 Jan 2023.
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01. Edward Smyth (or Smith, 1665-1720) was born in Lisburn, Antrim, and was educated at TCD (Scholar 1678, BA 1681, MA & Fellow 1684, LLB 1687, BD 1694, DD 1696). He was active in the Dublin Philosophical Society. He spent 5 years in Greece and Turkey, then became the 4th Donegall Lecturer in Maths (1694-1696) back at TCD, and in 1697 was appointed pro-chancellor. He also served as Dean of St Patrick's, and in 1699 he became Bishop of Down & Clogher. |
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02. Claud Gilbert (1670-1743) was born in Belfast, and was educated at TCD (BA 1691, MA & Fellow 1693, BD, DD & LLD 1706). He was the 5th Donegall Lecturer of maths there (1696-1723), was appointed vice provost in 1716, and became prof of divinity in 1722. From 1735 on he was a clergyman in Tyrone. |
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03. Robert Adrain (1775-1843) was born 30 September in Carrickfergus, Antrim, and is believed to have been self taught. Following the 1798 rebellion, he moved to the USA, where he was one of the leading lights of academic mathematics in the early 19th century, publishing the method of least squares before Gauss. He lectured at Princeton Academy (? -1800), York Country Academy (1800-1805), Reading Academy (1805-1809), Queen's College (Pennsylvania, 1809-1813), Columbia College (NY, 1813-1826), Rutgers College (1826-1827) and finally at the Univ of Pennsylvania (1828-1834), where he also served as vice-provost. |
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04. Robert Finlay (1807?-1874) was born in Agicola, Antrim, and was educated at TCD (BA 1834+). He worked at the Armagh Observatory before being appointed prof of maths at Manchester College in 1840. Later, he taught at the Royal School in Dungannon (from 1862 on). He published often on geometry. |
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05. George McDowell (1816?-1865) was born in Belfast, Antrim, and was educated at TCD (BA 1835+, FTCD 1839, MA 1840). His career was spent in law in Dublin. |
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06. W. Neilson Hancock (1820-1888) was born 21 April in Lisburn, Antrim, and was educated at TCD (BA 1842+, LLB 1846, LLD 1849). He lectured in political economy at TCD (1846-1849) and Queen's in Belfast (1849-1851), later serving as clerk of crown and hanaper. He founded the State and Social Inquiry Society Ireland, and published numerous books. |
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07. Physicist, mathematician and engineer William Thomson (later known as Lord Kelvin, 1824-1907) was born 24 June in Belfast, Antrim, where his father James Thomson taught maths at the Royal Belfast Academical Institution. The family moved to Glasgow when he was nine, and he was educated there and at Cambridge (Peterhouse, 2nd wrangler 1845). His entire career was spent back at Glasgow, doing pioneering work on heat, electricity and thermodynamics. He is also remembered for his engineering insights which led to the first successful transatlantic cable. |
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08. William Stevenson (1824?- ) was born in Antrim and was educated at TCD (BA 1846+). ODK |
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09. James Gilmore (1825?-1904) was born in Carrigfergus, Antrim, and was educated at TCD (BA 1846+, MA 1853) and Oxford (DD 1860). He taught at Marlborough College in Wiltshire (1856-1886). |
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10. John Gwynn (1827-1917) was born 28 August in Larne, Antrim, and was educated at TCD (BA 1849+, MA 1854, DD 1880). He tutored at TCD (1853-1855), taught at St Columba's (1856-1863) and then served as a clergyman in Donegal & Derry (1863-1883). He returned to TCD to lecture in divinity and in time became Regius Professor of Divinity there (1883-1907). He was a classics scholar whose books included an annotaed edition of the 9th century Book of Armagh. Wikipedia / 1901 Census / 1911 Census / Grave |
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11. Alexander Miller (1828-1903) was born 29 August in Antrim, and was educated at TCD (scholar 1849, BA 1851+, LLD 1875). His career was spent in law in England. 1901 Census / Peerage / Bio / Death |
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12. Joseph Millar (1837-1876) was born 19 February in Lisburn, Antrim, and was educated at Queen's Belfast (BA 1855). His short career was spent in the Royal Engineers (1857-1876).
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13. Unionist activist and businessman Thomas Sinclair (1838-1914) was born 23 September in Belfast, Antrim, and was educated at Queen's there (BA 1856, MA 1859), later being awarded an honorary DLit (1882). He has been credited with introducing golf to Ulster and authoring the Ulster Covenant. Link / Queen's / Hopefield / Covenant 1 / Covenant 2 / Links |
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14. Academic Anthony Traill (1838-1914) was born 1 November, Ballylough House, Bushmills, Antrim. He was educated (perhaps over-educated!) at TCD (scholar 1858, BA 1860+, MA 1864, Fellow, LLB & LLD 1865, MB & MCh 1869, MD 1870, Senior Fellow 1899), and was associated with the college for half a century. He played a science advisory role in the 1883 start of the hydro-electric passenger tram-way from Bushmills to Portrush, a project of his brother's. He served as High Sheriff of Antrim (1884), was assistant of natural philosophy at TCD (1884-1899), and became Commissioner of National Education in Ireland (1901). He was appointed provost at TCD in 1904, just as the college started admitting women. He also contributed to the Educational Times. He seems to have never practiced medicine despite his qualifications. Wikipedia / 1901 Census / 1911 Census / TCD / UMJ / Archives / Edu Times |
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15. Physician, surgeon and statistician Thomas Grimshaw (1839-1900) was born 16 November in Whitehouse, Antrim. He was educated at TCD (BA 1860, MB & MCh 1861, MD 1867, MA 1874). His career was spent working at Dr Steevens' Hospital, Sir Patrick Dun's Hospital, and Coombe Women's Hospital in Dublin. He served as Registrar General for Ireland for the last 2 decades of his life, and was president of the Statistical and Social Inquiry Society of Ireland (1888–1890). |
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16. Mathematician and physicist John Leebody (1840-1927) was born January in Ballinderry (?), Antrim, and was educated at Queen's Belfast (BA 1862, MA 1863), later being awarded an honorary DSc there (1882). His long career was spent at Magee College in Derry, where he rose to the rank of president. |
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17. W. McLaren Smith (1843-1873) was born 25 June in Belfast, Antrim, and was educated at Queen's there (BA 1863, MA 1864). He was admitted to Cambridge (Trinity) and studied there briefly. His short career was spent teaching in India, first at the College of Berhampore, and then at Presidency College (Calcutta). |
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18. Robert Sankey Stevelly (1844-1916, son of John above) was born 25 August in Belfast, Antrim, and was educated at Queen's Belfast (BA 1863) and at Cambridge (Peterhouse, BA 1868). He taught for a while at Aldenham School (Watford) before becoming an inspector of schools in England. |
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19. Robert Cleeland (1844-1911) was born in Belfast, Antrim, and educated there at Queen's (BA 1864, MA 1865), where he later served as a tutor. |
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20. James Wylie (1845-1935) was born in Belfast, Antrim, and was educated at Queen's Belfast (BA 1867, MA 1868). He pursued law and later served as Privy Counsellor of Ireland. 1901 Census / 1911 Census / Wikipedia / Prabook / Privy |
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20A. Hugh Smith (1846-1867) was born 17 March in Belfast, Antrim, and was educated at Queen's there (BA 1866). He died at 21. |
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21. Matthew Wylie (1850?-1927) was born in Antrim, and was educated at Queen's Belfast (BA 1869, MA 1882, LLD ?). His career was spent in law. |
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22. James McNeill (1853-1907) was born 6 March in Belfast, Antrim, and was educated at Queen's Belfast (BA 1875?, MA 1878?). He taught at the Royal Belfast Academical Institution (1875-1878), Methodist College (1878-1890) and Campbell College (1890-1907). |
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23. Charles Coates (1853-1944) was born 25 August in Belfast, Atrim, and educated at Queen's Belfast (BA 1873, MA 1874) annd Cambridge (Trinity, 5th wrangler 1877, MA 1881). He taught at Birkbeck College ( -1906-1928-). |
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24. Applied mathematician and education expert Edward Parnall Culverwell (1855-1931) was born 15 March in Belfast, Antrim. He was educated at TCD (BA 1877, MA 1882), where he later became the first professor of education. He published the books Elementary Mechanics (Longmans, Green and Co., 1890) and Montessori Principles and Practice (Bell, 1913). Nature / Bio / Paper / LMS (last page) / 1901 Census / 1911 Census |
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25. Andrew Campbell Allen (1856-1923) was born 9 February in Belfast, Antrim. He was educated at Queen's Belfast (BA 1875, MA 1877), where he was taught by John Purser, and at Cambridge (Peterhouse, senior wrangler 1879, MA 1882). He was tutor and fellow at Peterhouse, and also principal of Chester Training College, before becoming a vicar for the last 3 decades of his life. Campbell Allen published numerous papers on trigonometry, geometry, optics and electricity. He was also a prolific author on ecclesiastical matters. |
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25. Thomas Knowles (1856-1920) was born 13 February in Ferragh, Cullybackey, Antrim. He was educated at Queen's Belfast (BA 1877, MA 1879) and Cambridge (Peterhouse, 19th wrangler 1883, MA 1886). He taught at the Royal Grammar School (Lancaster) and at Liverpool College (serving as vice-principal there). His interests included astronomy and chemistry. |
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26. Theoretical physicist Joseph Larmor (1857-1942), older brother of Alexander below, was born 11 July in Magheragall, Antrim, and grew up there and in Belfast. He was educated at Queen's Belfast (BA 1874, MA 1875), where he was taught by John Purser, and at Cambridge (St John's, senior wrangler & Smith's Prize 1880, MA 1883). [JJ Thompson was 2nd wrangler.] He was professor at Queen's Galway for 5 years, then spent nearly half a century at Cambridge, in 1903 getting the chair vacated by Stokes upon his death. Most of his research concerned electricity, thermodynamics, and the electron theory of matter. He had at least 4 doctoral students and authored or edited 6 books, including the influential Aether and Matter (Cambridge, 1900) and 2 volumes of the papers of Stokes (Cambridge, 1904 & 1905). He received honorary doctorate from RUI (1882), TCD (1893) and Cambridge (1920). Wikipedia / MacTutor / Family / Enc Brit / Ulster Bio |
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27. John Eccles (1857-1921) was born 9 September in Larne, Antrim, and was educated at Queen's Belfast (BA 1876, MA 1877) and at Cambridge (Peterhouse, 14th wrangler 1881, MA 1885). For over a quarter of a century he worked for the Survey of India. |
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28. Physicist Alexander Larmor (1858?-1936), younger brother of Joseph above, was born (when?) in Magheragall, Antrim, and was educated at Queen's Belfast (BA 1879, MA 1881) and Cambridge (Clare, 11th wrangler 1884, part III 1885, MA 1888). He got fellowships both at Clare and at Owen's College, Manchester. Most of his career was spent teaching at the Londonderry Academy, where he served as head, and Magee College. He authored some books on Euclid's geometry. |
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29. Agnes Perry (later Ehrhardt, 1858-1940) was born 1 June in Garvagh, south of Coleraine, Londonderry, and grew up there and in Belfast, Antrim, a sister of engineer and mathematician John. She was educated at Newnham (where she was the first Irish woman to earn a BA, 1883). She was teaching maths in 1891 shortly before she married Albert Ehrhardt. Her nieces included pioneering early Queen's Galway graduates Alice (engineering) and Agnes (aka Molly) (maths). |
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30. Thomas Collier (1858-1934) was probably born 28 July in Cork and grew up there, in Donegal, Cavan and Ballycastle , Antrim. He was educated at Queen’s Belfast (BA 1878, MA 1882). He taught at Methodist College nearby for 4 years, and later at a school in Chiswick, in London. He was then appointed headmaster at Belfast Royal Academy Institute (1898-1923), and finally retired to NSW, Australia. |
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31. William McClintock (1849-1932) was born 7 October in Carnstrone, Antrim, and was educated at Queen's Belfast (BA 1878, MA 1879). He spent his career as inspector of schools, including stints in Donegal, Kilkenny, Cavan, and Dublin. |
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32. Robert Semple (1860-1937) was born 22 May in Belfast, Antrim, and was educated at Queen’s Belfast (BA 1880, MA 1881), the University of London (BA, 1881), and at St John’s Cambridge (21st wrangler 1884, MA 1887). His career was spent as a clergyman, mostly in Downpatrick and Limerick. |
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33. James Ross (1860?-1938) was born in Antrim, and was educated at Queen's Belfast (BSc 1881, MSc 1882). He career was spent in Ulster as a senior inspector of national schools. |
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34. Jackson Lawlor (1860-1938) was born 11 December in Ballymena, Antrim, and was educated at TCD (BA 1882, MA 1885). He worked for the Intermediate Education Board but most of his career was spent as a clergyman, first in Dublin and then in Edinburgh. He later became professor of Ecclesiastical History back at TCD for a quarter century, and finally served as dean of St Patrick's. His books included a translation of the Life of St Malachy of Armagh. Wikepedia / Bio / 1901 Census / Archive |
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35. David A. Stewart (1861-1934?) was born 11 August in Belfast, Antrim, and was educated at Queen's Belfast (BA 1881, MA 1882) and Cambridge (Gonville & Caius, 6th wrangler 1885, part II 1886, MA 1889). He was vice-principal at Chester Training College (1886-1893), and lectured at Foyle College in Derry (1897-1900). He served as a clergyman (1893-1934), later in Wales and in England. QUB / Cambridge / 1901 Census |
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36. David Morton (1861-1950) was born in Ballymoney, Antrim, and was educated at Queen's Galway (BA 1887). His career was spent in parish work in Tyrone. |
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37. Joseph Maybin (1861?-1904) was born somewhere in Antrim, and was educated at Queen's Belfast (BA 1883, LLB 1888). His short career included teaching and tutoring. |
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38. John Campbell (1862-1924) was born 27 May in Lisburn, Antrim, and was educated at Queen's Belfast (1883 or 1884), Oxford (Hertford, MA 1886) and RUI (MA 1887). His career was spent at Oxford, where he was an early supporter of women's education. He worked in Lie algebras and differential geometry, and wrote two influential books. |
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39. William A. Russell (1863?-) was born in Antrim and was educated at Queen's Belfast (BA 1884). He taught for a while, and may have later become an inspector of schools in South Africa. |
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40. Benjamin Steede (1863-1920) was born in June in Nenagh, Tipperary, and grew up there and in Galway and Belfast, Antrim. He was educated at Queen’s Belfast (BA 1886?) and TCD (BA 1887, MA 1890). While he then did medicine and practiced as a doctor in Newscastle and Rostrevor, he still found time to publish maths. Paper / Edu Times / 1901 Census / 1911 Census |
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41. Thomas McAnlis (1864-1890) was born 6(?) January in Belfast, Antrim, and was educated at Queen’s Belfast (BA 1884). His very short career was spent as a missionary in India. |
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42. William Hughes (1864-1916) was born 9 March in Belfast, Antrim, and was educated at TCD (BA 1895?). His career was spent as a teacher in Belfast. |
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43. Astronomer Alice Everett (1865-1949) was born 15 May in Glasgow, and brought up in Belfast, Antrim, where her father was professor of natural philosophy at Queen's College. She was educated there and at Girton (1887). Sitting the Royal University of Ireland examinations earned her a BA (1887). Her Tripos performance in 1889 earned her an RUI MA the same year (making her the first known woman to get a maths MA in Ireland). She worked at the Royal Observatory in Greenwich and in the USA (Pottsdam and Vassar), and much later did research in optics and the engineering of early television. |
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44. John Wylie (1865-1952) was born July in Belfast, Antrim, and grew up mostly in Whitehead. He was educated at Queen's Belfast (BA 1890). He served variously as lecturer in maths physics and demonstrator and workshop superintendent of physics (1897-1945) at Queen's, and later at Stranmillis. He was awarded an honorary MSc (1948) |
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45. Constance Crommelin (later Masefield, 1867-1960) was born 6 February in Cushendun, Antrim, and was educated at Newnham College (BA earned 1888). She stayed an extra year to study literature. After a stint of interior decorating (a business venture with her sister Florence), in 1891 she was teaching in Brighton. In 1901 census she's a "teacher and lecturer" in London. She married a future poet laureate in 1903. She also wrote plays with Isabel Fry. |
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46. Jane McCutcheon (1868-1956) was born 8 September in Limerick city. She grew up there, in Galway, Down, and Belfast, Antrim. She was educated at Methody and at Queen’s Belfast (BA 1891) and later taught at Methody for 30 years. 1901 Census / 1911 Census / Probate / Death |
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47. Physicist William Morton (1868-1949) was born 17 February in Belfast, Antrim, and was educated at Queen's Belfast (BA 1889, MA 1892), and at Cambridge (St John's, 8th wrangler 1892, MA 1898). He lectured back at QUB for 4 decades, also serving as dean. He did research in electricity, acoustics, and hydro-dynamics there, supervised at least 5 master's theses by women, and received a DSc (year?). Wikisource / QUB / Cambridge / BBC / Papers / Nature / Obit / 1901 Census |
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48. Richard Heron (1868-1931) was born 17 September in Dunadry, Antrim. He was educated at Queen's Belfast (BA 1890, MA 1893) and at Cambridge (St John's, 20th wrangler 1893, MA 1901). He taught briefly at Campbell College and later became an inspector of schools. QUB / Cambridge / Campbell / 1911 Census |
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49. James McBride (1868-1949) was born 4 December in Coreen, Broughshane, near Ballymena, Antrim, and was educated at Queen’s Belfast (BA 1889?) and the University of London (BSc physics 1898). His career was spent teaching in Glasgow, and upon retirement he moved to Dublin for a while. He published on and off, and was a founding member of the Euclidean Society. |
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50. Harold Major (1869-1933) was born 24 February in Ballymacash? Lisburn, and was educated at Queen's Belfast (BA 1888) and Cambridge (Queen's, BA 1891, MA 1898). He taught in England, at Mansfield Grammar School (1892-1902) and Weymouth College (1902-1933). |
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51. Williams Rodgers (1870?-) was born in Antrim and was educated at Queen's Belfast (BA 1893). Medic? |
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52. Robert Watson (1870-1946) was born 5 March in Ballymacash, Derriaghy, Antrim, and was brought up Dromore, Down. He was educated at the Royal College of Science for Ireland (BSc) and TCD (BA 1895). Most of his career was spent teaching in England, at the Redruth School of Mines in Cornwall, St Dunstan's (London) and at Colchester Royal Grammer School. |
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53. Thomas Savage (1870-1918) was born 5th July in Scotch Quarter, Carrigfergus, Antrim. At some stage he earned a BA and ME. He taught in Martinstown (Antrim) and later at St Patrick's College (Armagh). He also contributed to the Educational Times. |
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54. Robert Binghan (1871-1954) was born 29 April in Belfast, Antrim, and was educated at Queen's Belfast (BA 1892). His career was spent teaching at the Royal School Dungannon (1893-1932), where he later served at principal. |
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55. John Leathem (1871-1923) was born 5 May in Belfast, Antrim, and was educated at Queen's Belfast (BA 1891) and Cambridge (bracketed 4th wrangler, 1894, part II 1895). The University of London awarded him a DSc (1899). His relatively short career was spent at Cambridge. He wrote 4 books, including Volume and Surface Integrals Used in Physics (Cambridge, 1905), in which he introduced the now standard arrow notation for limits. His colleague G. H. Hardy enthusiastically embraced and promoted this innovation. His brother George also did maths (QUB 1903, St John's Cambridge 1904). |
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56. George Locke (1872-1958?) was born 13 February in Belfast, Antrim, and was educated at Queen's Belfast (BA 1894) and Cambridge (St John's, BA 1897, MA 1901). His career was spent teaching in England, at the Royal Agriculture College (Cirencester), Wallasey Grammar School, and Stand Grammar School (Whitefield, where he was also headmaster). |
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57. Frank Harvey (1872-1954) was born 7 June in Belfast, Antrim, and was educated at Queen's Belfast (BA 1895, MA 1899). He lectured in Belfast and then at Battersea Polytech (-1911-1920- ) and authored the 1920 book Everyman's Mathematics., |
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58. Alfred Robb (1873-1936) was born 17 or 18 January in Belfast, Antrim, and was educated first at Queen's Belfast (BA 1894) and at Cambridge (St John's, BA 1897, MA 1901). He was an expert on the Zeeman magnetic effect, and obtained his doctorate in 1904 under Woldemar Voigt at Göttingen on "Beiträge zur Theorie des Zeemaneffektes". His career was spent at Cambridge, where he authored four books on time, space and relativity. |
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59. Annie McElderry (later Megaw, 1874-1968) was born 4 September in Ballymoney, Antrim. She was educated at Queen's College, Belfast (BA 1895, MA 1896), the master's (the first maths one earner by exam by a woman in Ireland) via Victoria College. She taught at Rutland School in Dublin, where she rose to the rank of principal. Her daughter Helen Megaw was a celebrated crystallographer. 1892 / Victoria / 1901 Census / 1911 Census / Tree |
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60. Maths physicist James Rice (1874-1936) was born 23 November in Belfast, Antrim, and educated at Queen's Belfast (BA 1896, DSc by exam 1900). He moved to Liverpool and taught at the Liverpool Institute (1902-1914) and was subsequently on the staff at the University of Liverpool (until 1936)). He was an expert on general relativity who hosted Einstein on his 1921 visit to Liverpool. He authored books on statistical mechanics and relativity. Nature / IOP (page 18) / Clarke (page 125) / 1901 Census / Death / Obit |
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61. John Earls (1874-1934) was born 23 December in Ballymoney, Islandmagee, Antrim, and was educated via RUI (BA 1894?) and the teacher training college in Marlborogh St, Dublin. He taught maths at Ballynafeigh National School (1902-1904) and then at Belfast Municipal College of Technology (1904 to at least), where he also served as head. His grandson is maths trained Chris Brennen of Caltech. 1901 Census / 1911 Census / Bio 1 / Bio 2 |
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62. Hugh Maybin (1874?-1937) was born in Antrim, and was educated at Queen's Galway (BSc 1896). His career included teaching in Portarlington and Lisburn. |
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63. Samuel E. Stewart (1875-1908) was born 1 September in Ballygally, Antrim, and was educated at Queen's Belfast (BA 1899). His very short career was spent as a clergyman in Carrigfergus. |
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64. Thomas Edwin Harvey (1875-1963) was born 29 October in Belfast, Antrim, and was educated at Queen's Belfast (BA 1897, LLB 1905, LLD 1908). His career was spent in the civil service, both in Dublin and London. |
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65. Archibald Tombe (1875-1959) was born 27 November in Dugary, Drumdermot, Ballymena, Antrim. He was educated at Queen's Belfast (BA 1898) and RUI (private MA 1902). His career started at Methodist College (1900-1901) and Lurgan College (1901-1902), followed by 4 decades at Plymouth Tech Schools (known as Plymouth and Devonport Technical College from 1926 on). |
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66. Archibald McKinstry (1877-1952) was born 3 November in Skerrywhirry, Glenwhirry, near Larne, Antrim and was educated at first at Queen's Belfast (BA 1898). He taught briefly in Lurgan, then trained and worked as an engineer based in Manchester. In 1911 he moved to Australia for a while, where he earned an MSc (Univ Melbourne, 1919). He was a director of the BBC from 1922 on. |
